Novel optical coherence tomography findings in a patient with methanol toxicity: a case report.

We report a case of acute methanol toxicity with unique optical coherence tomography findings. A 56-year-old man was referred to our ophthalmology clinic with a history of handmade vodka consumption and vision loss. On ophthalmologic examination, his vision was 20/100 in his right eye and 20/200 in his left eye. Bilateral mild optic disk hyperemia was detected on fundus examination. Because of the severity of systemic symptoms in such cases, it is very difficult to include optical coherence tomography in the ophthalmologic examination. However, we managed to perform optical coherence tomography and recorded shallow subretinal fluid and a prominent middle limiting membrane sign as acute retinal structural changes in the patient. The patient was treated with hemodialysis, intravenous ethanol, and sodium bicarbonate. On the fourth day of treatment, visual acuity improved to 20/20 in both eyes. In addition, the prominent middle limiting membrane sign and subretinal fluid disappeared. In this unusual case, retinal pigment epithelium damage and retinal ischemia may have contributed to the prominent middle limiting membrane and subretinal fluid, which are novel optical coherence tomography findings of methanol toxicity.

Analysis of increased motorcycle accidents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-center study from Türkiye.

BACKGROUND: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a unique set of circumstances, straining health-care systems and affecting the way of life in societies around the world. Measures such as social isolation, travel restrictions, and workplace closures have led to an increase in motorcycle use. Consequently, motorcycle accidents have become a significant problem during this period. This study presents detailed research conducted to examine motorcycle accidents during the COVID-19 pandemic and to understand the causes and consequences of the increase in these accidents. METHODS: This research evaluated records from a single health examination and used various models to analyze motorcycle acci-dents within a specified time period. Additionally, retrospective analyses were conducted to examine associations between motorcycle use and crashes in our country before and after the pandemic. The records of 386 patients who were injured in motorcycle accidents and followed up, received treatment, and were recorded at Biruni University Hospital between November 2015 and April 2023 were retrospectively examined. Noted details included the victims' age, gender, injury mechanism, injury site, injury severity, helmet use, presence and location of fractures, time distribution of the accident, and the severity of other important tissue injuries. The relationship between the injury site, fractures, and accident details, and the "Injury Severity Score" (ISS) was also investigated. RESULTS: Among the 386 injured victims in motorcycle accidents, 333 were male and 53 were female. Of these, 168 (43.5%) were motorcycle drivers, 137 (35.5%) were motorcycle couriers, and 81 (21%) were pedestrians. A total of 186 (48%) injuries occurred before the pandemic (November 2015-March 2020), while 200 (52%) were sustained during the pandemic. The study indicates a noticeable increase in motorcycle injuries, particularly among motor couriers, especially during the pandemic quarantine periods. Post hoc analysis revealed that motor couriers had significantly lower ISS compared to other professions (p=0.009 and p=0.045, respectively). Motorcyclists who wore helmets were found to have significantly lower ISS than those who did not wear helmets (p<0.05). Furthermore, it was found that the ISS was positively correlated with the number of bone fractures, total soft tissue injury, and significant clinical characteristics (r=0.758, r=0.756, and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: This clinical study's findings demonstrate that the measures implemented during the pandemic to limit society's mobility have led to an increase in motorcycle accidents. Notably, there has been a significant rise in the number of accidents, particularly involving individual motorcycle use and motorcycle courier services.

Novel optical coherence tomography findings in a patient with methanol toxicity: a case report

ABSTRACT We report a case of acute methanol toxicity with unique optical coherence tomography findings. A 56-year-old man was referred to our ophthalmology clinic with a history of handmade vodka consumption and vision loss. On ophthalmologic examination, his vision was 20/100 in his right eye and 20/200 in his left eye. Bilateral mild optic disk hyperemia was detected on fundus examination. Because of the severity of systemic symptoms in such cases, it is very difficult to include optical coherence tomography in the ophthalmologic examination. However, we managed to perform optical coherence tomography and recorded shallow subretinal fluid and a prominent middle limiting membrane sign as acute retinal structural changes in the patient. The patient was treated with hemodialysis, intravenous ethanol, and sodium bicarbonate. On the fourth day of treatment, visual acuity improved to 20/20 in both eyes. In addition, the prominent middle limiting membrane sign and subretinal fluid disappeared. In this unusual case, retinal pigment epithelium damage and retinal ischemia may have contributed to the prominent middle limiting membrane and subretinal fluid, which are novel optical coherence tomography findings of methanol toxicity.

Electric scooters as a silent source of danger in increasing use among young people: a single-center in-depth accident analysis.

BACKGROUND: The reasons for the increase in accidents involving shared stand-up e-scooters in recent years may be the wide-spread use of e-scooters among young people, especially in metropolitan areas with heavy traffic, non-compliance with traffic rules, and insufficient legal regulations. In this study, we analyzed in detail the typical features of rider-sharing e-scooter-related injuries brought to the emergency department of our hospital in the light of current literature. METHODS: The clinical and accident characteristics of 60 patients with surgical requirements who were brought to the emergency department of our hospital due to e-scooter-related accidents between 2020 and 2020 were analyzed using statistical methods ret-rospectively. RESULTS: The majority of the victims were university students and the number of victims of the male gender was slightly higher and the mean age was 25.3±13.0 years. Most e-scooter accidents occur on weekdays. Most of the e-scooter-related accidents happen on weekdays and are non-collision type accidents. The majority of e-scooter-related accident victims were in the minor trauma group (injury severity score <9), predominantly had extremity and soft-tissue injuries and needed radiological examination (44 patients, 73.3%), and only eight victims (13.3%) required surgical operation and also all of the e-scooter victims were discharged fully healed. CONCLUSION: Among the more common collision-free e-scooter-related accidents that have a lower trauma severity score or cause minor soft-tissue injury, mono-trauma occurs more commonly than multisystem trauma; likewise, radius and nasal-weighted monofractures occur more commonly than multiple fractures, according to this study. Besides, effective measures and legal regulations should be put in place to prevent e-scooter-related accidents.

Biruni Index as a Novel Diagnostic Tool for the Early Prediction of Mortality in Critical Patients With COVID-19: A Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to find out the potential risk factors associated with mortality in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients hospitalized due to viral bronchopneumonia, and to establish a novel COVID-19 mortality index for daily use. METHODS: The study included 431 quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19-positive patients admitted to the intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital. Patients were divided into training and validation cohorts at random (n= 285 and n= 130, respectively). Biruni Index was developed by multivariate logistic regression analysis for predicting COVID-19-related mortality. RESULTS: In univariate logistic regression analysis, age, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, respiratory and pulse rates per minute, D-dimer, pH, urea, ferritin, and lactate dehydrogenase levels at first admission were statistically significant factors for the prediction of mortality in the training cohort. By using multivariate logistic regression analysis, all of these statistically significant parameters were used to produce Biruni Index. Statistically significant differences in Biruni Index were observed between ex and non-ex groups in both training and validation cohorts (P < 0.001 for both comparisons). Areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for Biruni Index were 0.901 (95CI%: 0.864-0.938, P < 0.001) and 0.860 (95CI%: 0.795-0.926, P < 0.001) in training and validation cohorts, respectively. CONCLUSION: As a pioneering clinical study, Biruni Index may be a useful diagnostic tool for clinicians to predict the mortality in critically ill patients with COVID-19 hospitalized due to severe viral bronchopneumonia. However, Biruni Index should be validated with larger series of multicenter prospective clinical studies.

Comparison of Cytokine Hemadsorption as an Immunomodulator Therapy in COVID-19 Patients with and without Bacterial Sepsis.

BACKGROUND: In this retrospective study, we aimed to compare the laboratory and clinical results of cytokine hem-adsorption as an immunomodulation therapy in COVID-19 ICU patients with or without sepsis. METHODS: The levels of PCT, CRP, and ferritin were determined as indicators of infection/sepsis; the levels of in-terleukins (IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10, and TNF-α) were determined as indicators of cytokine storm were compared. APACHE score, SOFA score, and mortality rates were compared for the progression of the disease in 23 COVID-19 patients. RESULTS: The therapy was generally successful in reducing the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α but the levels measured after the procedure did not differ among the patients with or without sepsis, suggesting that the presence of sepsis did not affect the efficacy and function of the cytokine hemadsorption procedure in COVID-19 patients. All parameters were reduced after the procedure except the levels of PCT and ferritin and mortality rates of patients diagnosed with sepsis. The level of PCT was significantly higher in these patients compared with the patients without sepsis while the ferritin and mortality did not show any significant difference between the two groups, suggesting that the cytokine hemadsorption may be safe in the treatment of critical COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: As a result, the progression of sepsis in COVID-19 may be avoided with cytokine hemadsorption applied as an immunomodulator therapy. However, this therapy should be further explored and validated prior to its introduction to everyday clinical practice when the epidemic conditions end.

Targeting the PANoptosome with 3,4-Methylenedioxy-ß-Nitrostyrene, Reduces PANoptosis and Protects the Kidney against Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were a) to investigate the effect of targeting the PANoptosome with 3,4-methylenedioxy-ß-nitrostyrene (MNS) on PANoptosis in the Renal ischemia-reperfussion (RIR) model b) to investigate the kidney protective effect of MNS toward RIR injury. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were divided into four groups randomly. The groups were assigned as Control, Sham, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) and MNS groups. The rats in the MNS group were intraperitoneally given 20 mg/kg of MNS 30 minutes before reperfusion. 2% DMSO solvent that dissolves MNS were given to the rats in DMSO group. Left nephrectomy was performed on the rats under anesthesia at the 6th hour after reperfusion. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and 8-Okso-2'-deoksiguanozin (8-OHdG) levels were measured. Immunohistochemical analysis, electron microscopic and histological examinations were carried out in the tissues. RESULTS: Total tubular injury score was lower in the MNS group (p < 0.001). Caspase-3, Gasdermin D and MLK (Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain Like Pseudokinase) expressions were considerably decreased in the MNS group (p < 0.001). Apoptotic index (AI) was found to be low in the MNS group (p < 0.001). CAT and SOD levels were higher in the MNS Group (p = 0.006, p = 0.0004, respectively). GPx, MDA, and 8-OH-dG levels were similar (p > 0.05) in all groups. MNS considerably improved the tissue structure, based on the electron microscopic analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that MNS administrated before the reperfusion reduces pyroptosis, apoptosis and necroptosis. These findings suggest that MNS significantly protects the kidney against RIR injury by reducing PANoptosis as a result of specific inhibition of Nod-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP 3), one of the PANoptosome proteins.

Messenger ribonucleic acid vaccine-associated immune thrombocytopenia: A rare complication of vaccine.

Coronavirus disease-2019 continues to have a serious impact in countries with the effect of new variant viruses emerging with mutations. While the effectiveness and protection of the vaccine have been determined all over the world, some vaccine-related side effects can be detected in the form of cases. In our case, the patient was admitted to the emergency department of our hospital with complaints of weakness and progressive rash on his legs. Diffuse petechiae purpura on the legs of the patient was observed and complete blood count revealed thrombocytopenia. Peripheral blood smear supported the blood count test results with thrombocytopenia, secondary causes of thrombocytopenia were excluded, and the patient was diagnosed with vaccine-induced immune thrombocytopenia.

Child Abuse as an Example of Coexistence of Emotional and Physical Trauma Among Children: An Academic Overview With Altmetric Perspective.

INTRODUCTION: Child abuse combines emotional, physical, sexual, and neglect aspects of violence, thus diversifying the trauma for a child. Publications about child abuse had been discussed in academia for long years and evaluated by bibliometric analysis, frequently. This study aims to evaluate the most discussed/disseminated scientific publications about child abuse in electronic media such as social media accounts, blogs, podcasts, and media news sites using a new analysis method called altmetric analysis. METHODS: The data were obtained from the Altmetric Explorer database using the phrase "child abuse," in 2021. After being ranked by altmetric attention score (AAS), descriptive statistics for all publications as well as detailed analyses for the first-100 publications were performed. Variables evaluated were AAS, dimensions-badge value, distribution of web sources, demographic/geographic-breakdown type distributions, main subject categories, and mesh terms. Kruskal Wallis test was used for AAS and dimensions-badge value comparisons while Spearman correlations and regression analysis were also performed. Analyses were performed by SPSS 23.0 (IBM SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Publications about child abuse were shared extensively on social media, mostly on Twitter. In terms of the main subject, sexual abuse was the trending topic, followed by physical abuse and maltreatment. Psychology, studies in human society, health sciences, and law/legal issues were the four main science categories about the subject. The United States was the major disseminator of publications while Child Abuse and Neglect was the most productive journal. There was a weak but significant (p<0.05) positive correlation between AAS and dimensions-badge values. CONCLUSION: Child abuse is a multidimensional subject in social media. As the number of publications increases, the possibility of articles to be shared on different social media platforms also increases. The majority of the top-100 publications are the ones emphasizing the importance of child abuse in terms of the prevalence, individual/social burden, and negative consequences.

Can the Reduction of Cytokines Stop the Progression of Sepsis?

Objective In this study, we aimed to analyze the laboratory and clinical results of cytokine hemadsorption as an immunomodulation therapy in ICU patients diagnosed with sepsis or septic shock. Methods The levels of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP), determined to be indicators of infection/sepsis, and the levels of interleukins (IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), deemed as indicators of the cytokine storm, were compared among 32 patients before and after the hemadsorption procedure. Results The hemadsorption significantly reduced the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNFα, PCT, CRP, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) scores, mortality rate, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores (p<0.05). APACHE scores and the mean predicted mortality rate (PMR) of the non-survivors measured before the procedure was significantly higher than those of survivors (p=0.002 for both). IL-10, APACHE scores, and the mortality rates determined before the hemadsorption procedure were deemed significant parameters to predict the mortality among all ICU patients (p<0.05). IL-10 levels ≤125.3 ng/L, APACHE score >30, and PMR >70.33 were significantly associated with the mortality rates of all patients, indicating that these three parameters determined before the hemadsorption may be good predictors of mortality among ICU patients with sepsis. Conclusion The progression of sepsis in ICU patients may be prevented with cytokine hemadsorption applied as an immunomodulator therapy.

Angioedema after favipiravir treatment: Two cases.

Drug-induced angioedema often affects elderly patients with chronic drug use. Proper diagnosis and prompt with effective treatment reduce mortality. With the increasing use of favipiravir, many side effects, especially increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels due to liver toxicity, and also skin lesions are reported. First patient oral favipiravir treatment on the second day was admitted to the hospital with rash and swelling on the eyelids. Second patient suffered from significant swelling on the upper lip and displayed angioedema. In this cases, angioedema findings regressed after rapid diagnosis and parenterally administered antihistamine and steroid treatment. Although there is no effective drug therapy in the treatment of COVID-19, favipiravir is also included in the treatment protocols in many countries. Clinicians should be careful about the side effects and possible skin manifestations, especially including angioedema, related to the use of favipiravir.

COVID-19 seroconversion in the aircrew from Turkey.

BACKGROUND: Pneumonia due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading rapidly all over the world and air travel is the leading transmission route of the virus among countries. The aim of the study is to determine the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in aircrew, to determine occupational exposure, and to understand the spread of immunity in social groups. METHOD: The study was designed as a cross-sectional retrospective study. SARS-CoV-2 IgG levels were measured in patients who applied to between December 1, 2020 and January 13, 2021. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positivity was investigated before December 1, 2020. RESULTS: The patients were divided into three groups according to their jobs such as 313 aircrew; 451 healthcare workers; 4258 other patients. The PCR positivity rate was found to be 39% in the aircrew group, 32% in the healthcare workers and %20 other patient group (p < 0.001). The IgG antibody positivity rate was 46% in the aircrew, 41% in healthcare workers, and 35.3% in the other patient group (p < 0.001).The group with the highest IgG antibody titer is in the aircrew; there was a significant difference between the groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, it was observed that aircrew, similar to healthcare workers, are at serious risk against SARS-CoV-2. In this process, it is suggested that the vaccination processes included repeated doses of aircrew should be accelerated and protective measures and equipment should be increased in terms of reinfection.

The Molecular Epidemiology of Cystic and Alveolar Echinococcosis in Southeast Turkey.

BACKGROUND: The migration of humans and climatic and environmental changes cause the emergence of infectious diseases. This study aimed to investigate the changes in the molecular epidemiology of the echinococcosis in the southeast region of Turkey after migrations. METHODS: Overall, 159 tissues samples were taken from suspected cases of echinococcosis at the Kilis State Hospital in the southeast region of Turkey. All of the tissues samples were analyzed using histopathology methods, PCR, Real-time PCR methods, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses in laboratories. RESULTS: The positivity values of the histopathology, the polymerase chain reaction, and the Real-time PCR methods were found to be 14.5% (23/159),15.7% (25/159), and 16.9% (27/159), respectively. 32.0 % (8/25) E. multilocularis of Echinococcus isolates and 68% (17/25) E. granulosus of Echinococcus isolates were identified using PCR methods. 58.8% (10/17) of the E. granulosus isolates were found to be Genotype 1% and 41.2% (7/17) E. granulosus isolates were found to be Genotype 3. CONCLUSION: Molecular methods play an important role in the epidemiology, treatment, and diagnosis of diseases. Increasing immigration in a geographical area may create social, economic, and health problems in that area. For this reason, epidemiological studies of infectious diseases should be updated in areas with immigration.

Mad Honey Poisoning Case Series Presenting With ECG Findings Including Atrioventricular Complete Block and Symptomatic Hypotension.

Plants belonging to the Ericaceae family, which grow endemically in some parts of the world, contain grayanotoxin, which causes fatal bradyarrhythmia and circulatory collapse. Mad honey, which comes from plants with grayanotoxin, has various uses, namely, as an aphrodisiac, as an alternative therapy for GI disorders such as peptic ulcer, dyspepsia, and gastritis, and as a treatment for hypertension. However, GI, neurological and cardiac side effects may arise from its ingestion due to the grayanotoxin contained by this type of honey. Cardiac rhythm disturbances, sinus bradycardia, and other life-threatening side effects can occur, especially atrioventricular (AV) block and nodal rhythms. In this article, we present five honey poisoning cases involving adults who were admitted to our ED. Notably, one of the patients was unresponsive to atropine, so a temporary pacemaker was inserted, after which the patient was moved to the coronary ICU. Meanwhile, the cardiac rhythm of the other cases returned to normal in the follow-up after atropine administration.

Massive pulmonary embolism presenting with hemoptysis and S1Q3T3 ECG findings.

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism clinically presenting with a deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism is among the most commonly seen cardiovascular syndromes. The aim of this case presentation is to emphasise the typical electrocardiographic findings that are detected with massive pulmonary embolism along with the electrocardiographic S1Q3 and S1Q3T3 accompanied by T negativity at the D3 derivation based on prevalent T negativity. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of an adult male who presented with a massive pulmonary embolism that was associated with tachycardia, haemoptysis and typical S1Q3T3 electrocardiographic findings. Tomographic findings showed filling defects in the two main pulmonary artery lumens, which were found to be compatible with a massive embolism. Intravenous heparin was injected (5000 IU), and low molecule weight heparin (LMWH) treatment was initiated. After two days of observation and treatment in the coronary intensive care unit, the patient was discharged for outpatient care. DISCUSSION: Massive pulmonary embolism is an urgent life-threatening clinical situation that is frequently confused with acute ST elevation myocardial infarction. The definitive diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism was made with a computed tomography pulmonary angiogram. Electrocardiographic findings and hypoxic hypercarbia in the blood gas analysis are typical. Early diagnosis with laboratory and imaging investigations is vital in the treatment and prognosis of pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSIONS: Ventricular overload signs accompanied by ST segment elevation in electrocardiography and S1Q3 and prevalent T negativity are crucial features in terms of distinguishing between pulmonary embolism and myocardial infarction and selecting effective treatments for patients admitted to the emergency department.

Analysis of trending topics in glaucoma articles from an altmetric perspective.

PURPOSE: Altmetric analyses are a new way of assessing and sharing scientific knowledge. Traditional metrics and altmetric analyses highlight key publications. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the social attention paid to highly cited articles related to glaucoma in the recent English literature and compare with traditional citation metrics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: "Glaucoma" was entered as a search term into Thomson Reuter's Web of Science database, and all articles related to the topic in the last decade were identified. The 50 highly cited articles (T50 list) were analyzed by topic, journal name, author name, year of the publication and Altmetric Attention Score (AAS). Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation test were determined with the use of SPSS. RESULTS: According to bibliometric criteria, there were 31,370 eligible articles and the median (range) citation number was recorded as 181.5 (158.75-250.75). The T50 list was ranked with AASs between 176 and 0. The median AAS was 5 (2.75-10). The main subjects of the top 10 highly cited articles were mostly related to follow-up and prognostics about glaucoma (n = 3), while the main subjects of the top 10 articles with the highest AAS were related to genetics in glaucoma pathogenesis (n = 2), treatment modalities (n = 2) and pathophysiology with therapeutics of glaucoma disease (n = 2). AASs and citation number showed a positive moderate correlation (r = 0.403 p = 0.004), although AASs did not correlate with journal impact factor (r = 0.36 p = 0.01). No statistically significant correlation was found for ASSs and citation numbers with H-index of the journals on the T50 list. CONCLUSIONS: Bibliometric-based altmetric analyses offer important but different perspectives regarding article impact. This study provides valuable information about trending topics related to glaucoma research and its impact in both the academic literature and social media CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: With regard to the data characteristics of the manuscript, which is mainly retrospective and international, the clinical trial registration process is theoretically not applicable to this study.

Most notable 100 articles of COVID-19: an Altmetric study based on bibliometric analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to guide researchers in the COVID-19 pandemic by evaluating the 100 most cited articles of COVID-19 in terms of bibliometric analysis, Altmetric scores, and dimension badges. METHODS: "COVID-19" was entered as the search term in Thomson Reuter's Web of Science database. The 100 most cited articles (T100) were analyzed bibliometrically. Altmetric attention scores (AASs) and dimension badge scores of the articles were evaluated. RESULTS: T100 articles were published from January to September 2020. The average citation of the top 100 articles on COVID-19 was 320 ± 344.3 (143-2676). The language of all articles was English. The average Altmetric value of T100 is 3246 ± 3795 (85-16,548) and the mean dimension badge value was 670 ± 541.6 (176-4232). Epidemiological features (n = 22) and treatment (n = 21) were at the top of the main topics of T100 articles. CONCLUSION: The more citations an article is made, the more it indicates the contribution of that article to science. However, the number of citations is not always the only indicator of article quality. The existence of methods that measure the impact of the article outside the academia to measure the value of the article arises more in an issue that affects the whole world, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

MicroRNA profile in immune response of alveolar and cystic echinococcosis patients.

It is known that miRNAs are effective in immune response in the diagnosis and treatment of many infectious diseases. However, the miRNAs profile is unknown in Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis which can be fatal if left untreated. The miRNAs profile that activates the T and B cells forming the immune system in Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis patients was investigated in this study. A total of 50 liver tissue samples were obtained from Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis patients in Kilis State Hospital Pathology Laboratory in southeast of Turkey. The circulating cell-free miRNAs were evaluated by a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, statistically calculated within ΔΔCt values and fold changes were evaluated by Welch T test, in which P < .05 was considered to be significant. Twenty-five microRNAs, including let-7a-5p, let-7c, let-7e-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR16, miR-17-5p, miR-23a-5p, miR-24-3p, miR-25-3p, miR-26a-3p, miR-26b-3p, miR-29b-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-30a-5p, miR-30b-5p, miR-30c-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-98-5p, miR-101-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-125b-5p, miR-142-5p, miR-222-3p and miR-223-3p, were found as down-regulated in Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis patients than control groups. Twelve miRNAs, including miR-15a-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-27a-3p, miR-29a-3p, miR-146a-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181b-5p, miR-181d, miR-181c-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-214-3p and miR-365-3p, were found as up-regulated in Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis patients than healthy person. It has been shown that T- and B-cell activities are related in the progressive of both Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis in this study. The miRNA panel activated by T and B cells may be important for exploring the mechanisms underlying early development in Alveolar and Cystic Echinococcosis providing novel information that may be used to discover new therapeutics for these diseases.

Evaluation of the Golden Ratio in Nasal Conchae for Surgical Anatomy.

PURPOSE: The golden ratio is reached by the fractal model of the number sequence which is known as the "Fibonacci series" and has a convergent ratio of approximately 1.618 between 2 consecutive Fibonacci numbers. Golden ratio relationships have been shown in several plants in the nature and several organs and structures in the human body. The conchae, which form an important part of the nasal valve, have a special geometric significant in terms of providing turbulence to the laminar airflow that passes to the nasal cavity. METHODS: This study made golden ratio calculations on 34 adults aged 20 to 45 years over computed tomography (CT) images. Totally, 34 volunteers (male, n = 18 and female, n = 16) with no nasal pathologies participated in the study. Using Adobe Photoshop, golden ratio calculations were made by applying the Fibonacci spiral on the images that best showed the conchae and meatuses on the CT images. RESULTS: The intersection points of the spiral that was projected on the inferior and middle nasal concha were determined as S0, S1, S2, S3, and S4. The distances of S0-S1, S1-S2, S2-S3, and S3-S4 were measured. The concha measurements of the women showed significantly similar values to the golden ratio constant of ∼1.618 in the RS3/S4 and LS3/S4 measurements. CONCLUSION: We found that the S3/S4 region that captured the golden ratio in our study corresponds to the base part of the inferior nasal concha, and its place of spiraling in the nasal cavity is observed to have an important role in creating vortices.

The most cited articles on cancer immunotherapy: An update study.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this bibliometric study was to point out the emergence and development of immunotherapy in cancer treatment and shifting tendencies on this field in the last years. We aimed to create an ease of access for the researchers of this dynamic field. METHODS: Cancer immunotherapy as a search term was queried into Thomson Reuter's Web of Science database of 2019 to list all the articles about this term. The top 100 cited articles were analyzed by topic, journal, author, year, institution, level of evidence, adjusted citation index and also the correlations between citation, adjusted citation index, impact factor and length of time since publication. RESULTS: 46,606 eligible articles were found and we had chosen the top 100 cited in the cancer immunotherapy field by bibliometric criteria. The mean citation number for the highly cited articles was 1027794 (range:446-5746). The most cited article on cancer immunotherapy was a phase 1 clinical trial about immune check-point inhibitor (5,271 citations) conducted by Topalian et al. The Science, AAAS journal made the biggest contribution to the top 100 list with 14 articles, whereas the most cited article originated from the New England Journal of Medicine. The country and year with most publications were the USA (n=93) and 2012 (n=10) respectively. National Institutes of Health (n=30) and National Cancer Institute (n=30) were the most prolific institutions. CONCLUSION: Cancer immunotherapy is a rapidly developing and changing subspecialty in the realm of oncology. Despite some flaws, this trend topic study has identified the most significant contributions to cancer immunotherapy research over the years and it has revealed many important scientific breakthroughs and landmarks that had took place during this time.